ABSTRACT
Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la principal causa de muerte en México, por lo que la alfabetización en salud durante la pandemia de Covid19 resulta de gran importancia para reducir la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y grado de satisfacción de un programa educativo oncológico durante la pandemia de covid19. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental pre-post intervención educativa (programa educativo breve), en 31 pacientes que acudieron a quimioterapia durante la pandemia entre abril y julio 2021, incluyendo educación sobre Covid19, educación terapéutica sobre cáncer de mama y herramientas de promoción de salud. El alfabetismo en salud se analizó mediante prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon, para muestras relacionadas. Resultados: la prueba de Wilcoxon fue estadísticamente significativa pre-post programa educativo (Z − 4.876, p < 0,001) con un incremento del 70% al 83.3% de aciertos post programa educativo y un grado de satisfacción del 87.09%. Conclusión: un programa educativo breve, implementado en un hospital oncológico durante la pandemia, es eficaz para incrementar el alfabetismo en salud y es bien valorado por las participantes.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la principal causa de muerte en México, por lo que la alfabetización en salud durante la pandemia de Covid19 resulta de gran importancia para reducir la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y grado de satisfacción de un programa educativo oncológico durante la pandemia de covid19. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental pre-post intervención educativa (programa educativo breve), en 31 pacientes que acudieron a quimioterapia durante la pandemia entre abril y julio 2021, incluyendo educación sobre Covid19, educación terapéutica sobre cáncer de mama y herramientas de promoción de salud. El alfabetismo en salud se analizó mediante prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon, para muestras relacionadas. Resultados: la prueba de Wilcoxon fue estadísticamente significativa pre-post programa educativo (Z − 4.876, p < 0,001) con un incremento del 70% al 83.3% de aciertos post programa educativo y un grado de satisfacción del 87.09%. Conclusión: un programa educativo breve, implementado en un hospital oncológico durante la pandemia, es eficaz para incrementar el alfabetismo en salud y es bien valorado por las participantes. Introduction: breast cancer is the most important cause of death in Mexico, so health literacy during the Covid19 pandemic is very important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction of an educational oncology program during the covid-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental study pre-post educational intervention (brief educational program), in 31 patients who underwent chemotherapy during the pandemic between April and July 2021, including Covid19 education, therapeutic education in breast cancer and health promotion recommendations. Health literacy was analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test for related samples. Results: the Wilcoxon test was statistically significant pre-post educational program (Z − 4.876, p < 0.001) with an increase from 70% to 83.3% of correct answers after the educational program and a satisfaction of 87.09%. Conclusion: a brief educational program, implemented in a cancer hospital during the pandemic, is effective in increasing health literacy and is highly valued by the participants.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce several vascular endothelial-dependent systemic complications, and sulodexide has pleiotropic actions on the vascular endothelium, which may prove beneficial. We aimed to assess the effect of sulodexide when used within 3 days of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical onset. We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled outpatient trial. To be included, patients must have been at high risk for severe clinical progression. Participants received sulodexide (oral 1,000 LRU/d) or placebo for 21 days. The primary endpoint was the need for hospital care. Also assessed were patients' need for supplemental oxygen as well as D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and mortality. A total of 243 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis from June 5 to August 30, 2020. Of these, 124 received sulodexide and 119 received a placebo. Only 17.7% of the patients in the sulodexide group required hospitalization, compared with 29.4% in the placebo group (p = 0.03). This benefit persisted in the intention-to-treat analysis (15% in sulodexide group vs. 24% with placebo [p = 0.04]). With sulodexide, fewer patients required supplemental oxygen (30 vs. 42% [p = 0.05]). After 2 weeks, fewer patients had D-dimer levels >500 ng/dL (22 vs. 47% [p < 0.01]), and patients also had lower mean CRP levels (12.5 vs. 17.8 mg/dL [p < 0.01]). There were no between-group differences in thromboembolic events, major bleeding, or mortality. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with sulodexide, when provided within 3 days of clinical onset, improved their clinical outcomes. Although the results should be confirmed, sulodexide could be valuable in an outpatient setting.